Tranformational Leadership And Mahatma Ghandi

Tranformational Leadership And Mahatma Ghandi According to Yukl (2010), leadership is the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives. To put it simply leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. The leader is the inspiration. He/she is the person in the group that possesses the combination of personality and skills that make others want to follow his/her direction. Gandhi tells us a tale of how a person can make a difference. The movie describes how he changes the perspective of people and creates a revolutionary change. He was the pre-eminent political and ideological leader of India during the Indian independence movement. He led the non-violence resistance movement against the British colonial rule in India during the first half of the twentieth century. He pioneered Satyagraha which is defined as the resistance to oppression through mass civil disobedience, a philosophy firmly founded upon ahimsa, or total non-violence. This concept not only helped India gain independence but also inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Known as Mahatma (great soul), Gandhi was the leader of the Indian nationalist movement against British rule, and is widely considered as the father of the nation. His doctrine of non-violent protests, through his weapons of truth and love to achieve political and social progress has been largely influential to leaders across the world. (BBC on Gandhi) The following section deals with several leadership theories that can be used to explain Gandhis leadership style as portrayed in the movie (Gandhi, 1982). TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORY According to Bass (1985, 1996), the leader transforms and motivates followers by making them more aware of the importance of task outcomes, inducing them to transcend their own self interest for the sake of the organization or team, and activating their higher order needs. (Yukl, 2010) Transformational leadership increases follower motivation and performance. The extent, to which a leader is transformational, is measured in terms of his influence on the followers. The followers of such a leader feel trust, admiration, loyalty and respect for the leader and because of these qualities of the transformational leader are willing to work harder than originally expected. These outcomes occur because the transformational leader offers followers something more than just working for self gain; they provide followers with an inspiring mission and vision, and provide them an identity. The leader creates positive change in the followers and induces people to be aware of what they feel to feel their true needs so strongly, to define their values so meaningfully, that they can be moved to purposeful action. In this leadership style, the leader also enhances the motivation, performance and morale of his follower group. Gandhi demonstrated transformational leadership. His followers were influenced by his drastic method of nonviolent protests and he instilled trust, loyalty, admiration and respect amongst his followers. He also transformed his followers in a literal sense changed them in mind and heart, enlarged vision and clarified purposes to make behaviour congruent with his beliefs, principles and values. Bass (1996) further described four types of transformational leadership behaviour Idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration and inspirational motivation. Types of transformational leadership behaviour in context to the movie Transformational Style Meaning Relation to the movie Idealized influence Arouse strong follower emotions and identification with the leader. Setting an example of courage and dedication, and making self sacrifices to benefit the followers. Gandhi talked about truth and love and preached the same through his non-violence resistance movements such as satyagraha and non-cooperation. Sacrifices like time away from family and long fasting periods for social protest. Intellectual stimulation Behaviour that increases follower awareness of problems and influences followers to view problems from a new perspective. Gandhi held several meetings to talk about the issues faced by people and the importance of following his values to fight for the countrys independence. He also ensured that his beliefs were followed in the manner as he preached. Individualized consideration Involves communicating personal respect to followers by providing support, encouragement and coaching. Gandhi was interactive, spoke to everyone and knew what was happening in their lives. Got involved with everyone and made them feel important by providing support whenever possible. Inspirational motivation Inspiring and empowering followers to enthusiastically accept and pursue challenging goals and missions. Gandhi inspired his followers through his principles and protests for which he was also sent to prison on various occasions. He was determined that his beliefs would finally attain swaraj (independence). Two key effects that transformational leaders achieve are to evoke strong emotions and cause identification of the followers with the leader. Mahatma Gandhi is a great example of a transformational leader because of his contribution not just to his country but to social thinking around the world that inspired many other different world leaders. Gandhi is considered as one of the few individuals who embodied the ideals of a transformational leader. SERVANT LEADERSHIP THEORY Servant leadership is primarily about helping people and fostering a relationship of trust and cooperation. Servant leaders must listen to followers; learn about their needs and aspirations, stand for what is good and right, oppose social injustice and inequality, must respect and appreciate the weak and marginal members of society and also empower followers instead of using power to dominate them. Greenleaf (1977) proposed that service to followers is the primary responsibility of leaders. The servant leader is a servant first. It begins with the natural feeling that one wants to serve, to serve first. Another important quality of a servant leader is the ability to accept his people unconditionally. It is creative as it stems from a genuine concern for the people rather than external motivations such as the need for power. It also leads to larger issues as it ultimately leads to a desire to serve the society at large. A servant leader is motivated, not by a desire to control others, but by a desire to help them realize their dignity and power. Gandhi preached non-violence and dedicated his life to the achievement of a better life for the downtrodden. He served as a catalyst and example, providing vision and inspiring hope. He empowered the masses to march to the sea to make salt. In doing so they demonstrated their capacity for self governance and impressed upon history a very powerful image. One of the key qualities of the true servant leader is that he is chosen by the people. When Gandhi was returning to India after the conclusion of the case for which he had gone to South Africa, he was given a farewell party. Over there, he expressed his concerns for the bill that was then before the House of Legislature that sought to deprive Indians of their franchise. Before he quite knew it, he had been elected by the people to stay on and fight for their rights. This was the beginning of his mission to serve humanity Servant leaders transform people and bring out what they themselves dont suspect is in them. Gandhi did the same with the Indian masses during their struggle for independence. Gandhi also stated that service to the poor has been my hearts desire and it has always thrown me amongst the poor and enabled me to identify myself with them. Hence we can say that Gandhi was the quintessential servant leader. Key values of a servant leader with examples from the movie- Integrity Gandhi always communicated in an open and honest way. He only preached what he practiced himself and which were consistent with his values. He admitted and accepted responsibility for mistakes and never attempted to manipulate or deceive people. For example Gandhi swore to speak the truth and advocated others to do the same. Altruism Gandhi was willing to make sacrifices to protect and benefit others and always put the needs of others ahead of his own needs. For instance his hunger strike for activities which he believed were wrong such as riots between Hindus and Muslims, his march to the sea to make salt as he believed the British Empires monopoly of salt was wrong. Humility Gandhi always treated others with respect, avoided status symbols and special privileges and was always modest about his achievements. For illustration he respected his colleagues as well as people from all castes and creed. Despite being proclaimed a leader by the masses he always emphasized that he was not a leader and lived in modesty in a village in India with only the basic essentials required by a human being. He also spun the cloth that he wore which was the khadi. Empathy and healing Gandhi helped others cope with emotional distress, encouraged forgiveness and reconciliation after a conflict and acted as a peacemaker. For example upon his return to India he travelled various regions of the country and met with a lot of villagers who were suppressed by the landlords, given measly compensation and lived in extreme poverty. He heard their stories and provided them courage to protest against the landlords for which he was sent to prison also. Also to act as a peacemaker for the religious tensions within the country he stated that I am a Muslim and a Hindu and a Christian and a Jew and so are all of you. Fairness and justice Gandhi encouraged and supported the fair treatment of people, spoke against unjust and unfair policies and opposed violations of civil rights. For instance when he realized that the laws in South Africa were biased against the Indians, he decided to start a non-violent protest campaign to obtain basic rights for all Indians. He quoted that The function of a civil resistance is to provoke response and we will continue to provoke until they respond or change the law. They are not in control; we are. The government finally relented by recognizing rights for Indians. DEVELOPMENT OF A LEADER Leadership can be learnt unlike the trait theory which states that leaders are born with certain characteristics that make them a leader. The development of Gandhi as a leader explains how people or environments affect the actions of leaders. Gandhi was not a leader by birth, he developed the skills required to be an effective leader. In the movie it is very explicitly clear that Gandhi learnt and developed his leadership skills in South Africa and honed them in India. He had a feeling for his followers, but he developed tools and methods to become an effective leader over time. He had rock solid values from which his activities stemmed, and he had a totally interdependent relation with his followers.

Fidel Ramos Essay

Fidel V. Ramos, the 12th President of the Philippines (1992–1998), is remembered for steadfastly promoting the principles of people empowerment and global competitiveness. He quickly led the nation out of darkness in 1993, putting an end to the power crisis that crippled Filipino homes and industries for two years. He pursued, focused and converged programs to fight poverty in accordance with the will of the Filipino people expressed by 229 structural/reform laws enacted by Congress during his term. The Philippine economy recovered dramatically during the years 1993-1997. Ramos vigorously implemented a comprehensive Social Reform Agenda (SRA) that addressed the long-standing problem of poverty: jobs and livelihood, health, education and skills training, housing, environmental protection, children and the youth, the elderly and the handicapped, agrarian reform, and access to equal opportunity. Gross National Product averaged 5 percent annually. Average income of the Filipino family grew more during his administration than in the preceding two decades. He pushed for the deregulation of key industries and the liberalization of theeconomy. He encouraged the privatization of public entities, to include the modernization of public infrastructure through an expanded Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) law. While communist insurgency dwindled to historic lows, he achieved a peace agreement with military rebels and the secessionist Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) for which he won for the Philippines the coveted 1997 UNESCO Peace Award—the first for Asians. FVR is known as the â€Å"Centennial† President, having planned and supervised the 100th Anniversary of the country’s Declaration of Independence from Spain on 12 June 1998. Economy Overview President Fidel Ramos embarked on an ambitious development plan dubbed â€Å"Philippines 2000. † Under the plan, several industries critical to economic development were privatized, such as electricity, telecommunications, banking, domestic shipping, and oil. Thetaxation system was reformed, and external debt was brought to more anageable levels by debt restructuring and sensible fiscal management. By 1996, GNP was growing at a rate of 7. 2 percent and GDP at 5. 2 percent. The annual inflation rate had dropped to 5. 9 percent from its high of 9. 1 percent in 1995. By the late 1990s, the Philippines’ economic growth gained favorable comparisons with other Asian countries such as Taiwan, Thailand, South Korea, and Malaysia. The Philippine economy took a sharp downturn during the Asian financial crisis of 1997. Its fiscal deficit in 1998 reached P49. 981 billion from a surplus of P1. 564 billion in 1997. The peso depreciated (fell in value) to P40. 89 per U. S. dollar from its previous rate of P29. 47 to a dollar. The annual growth rate of the GNP fell to 0. 1 percent in 1998 from 5. 3 percent in 1997. Despite these setbacks, the Philippine economy fared better than that of some of its Asian neighbors, and other nations praised the Ramos administration for its â€Å"good housekeeping. † Philippines 2000 During his administration, Ramos began implementing economic reforms intended to open up the once-closed national economy, encourage private enterprise, invite more foreign and domestic investment, and reduce corruption. Ramos was also known as the most-traveled Philippine President compared to his predecessors with numerous foreign trips abroad, generating about US$ 20 billion worth of foreign investments to the Philippines. To ensure a positive financial outlook on the Philippines, Ramos led the 4th Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Leaders’ Summit in the Philippines on November 1996. He also instituted reforms in the tax system which includes a forced increase on VAT (E-VAT law) from 4% to 10% mandated by World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Under his administration, the Philippines enjoyed economic growth and stability. His visions of ‘Philippines 2000’ led the country into a newly industrialized country in the world and the â€Å"Tiger Cub Economy in Asia†. Philippines 2000 Five-Point Program: * Peace and Stability * Economic Growth and Sustainable Development * Energy and Power Generation * Environmental Protection * Streamlined Bureaucracy

Requirements for the Corporate Computing Function Essay

Assignment 2: Requirements for the Corporate Computing Function Student Name Dr Abdel Ismail CIS 505: Communication Technologies April 28, 2013 Meeting the Information Requirements of Management From the Requirements for the Corporate Computing Function, the fifth computing facility fulfillment point reads, â€Å"Meet information requirements of management† (Stallings, 2009, p. 58). Stated in another way, this Chief Information Officer’s (CIO) mission statement’s component implies that company information can be utilized by management for a great deal of things. While the security of all company-owned data is immensely important to the success of the organization, some of the information carries significant value when used by†¦show more content†¦Throughout the recent years a number of Federal mandates have been enacted due to major misconduct of large businesses. A company’s management may require some information due to federal auditing to guard against such misconduct. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is a perfect example of such a law. Sarbanes-Oxley, â€Å"created a new auditor watchdog, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). The law strengthened internal controls over companies accounts and set stiff criminal penalties for executives who cook the books. One of its toughest provisions required corporate executives to certify the accuracy of financial statements and imposed jail terms of up to 20 years for willful violations† (Drawbaugh, 2012). So it is smart business for CIO’s to include management information requirement adherence on a mission statement because it guides a company’s competitive direction and complied with law. First Phase of Mission Rollout - Top Three From the nine different points of the CIO’s mission statement, there are three that stick out as items that the rest can be built upon. In order for the other six points to exist the company should provide computing capability to all organizational units that legitimately require it, provide computing services in a reliable, professional, and technically competent manner, and maintain organizational integrity in operations that are dependent on computing (Stallings, 2009, p. 58).Show MoreRelatedRequirements For The Corporate Computing Function Essay1181 Words   |  5 Pages Assignment 2: Requirements for the Corporate Computing Function Frank Blow Dr. Sharon Rose CIS 505 - Communication Technologies 10/20/16 Abstract This paper will describe a nine-point mission statement for the company from the new corporate CIO. It will address the new strategy in a three-phase rollout plan. It will then speculate why the fifth point, â€Å"Meet information requirements of management†, is in the CIO’s list of nine points. 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Military Technology Essay - 2343 Words

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